How The Laws Of Motion Can Help On Preventing A Car Accident

My research question is about how the laws of motion apply to automobiles. I am interested in this research question because people do not realize how knowing the laws of motion can help on preventing a car accident. By having the knowledge of these laws of motion, people can understand why engineers make the cars like they do. The question and importance of the use of the seat belt can be answered. People can now understand why speed limits are used. Also, they can know why some cars accelerate faster than the others. All these questions can be answered with the three laws of motion. It can go from the use of the seat belt to the very bottom of the creation of the car. Knowing the laws of motion can help understand the effects that can occur with actions like not putting the seat belt on. There are three laws of motion described by Isaac Newton which are basically about forces and motions. Isaac Newton was a mathematician, scientist, and physician. The first law of motion is mostly recognized as â€Å"The Law of Inertia†. The second law of motion is the law that states that the force used in order to accelerate an object depends on the mass of said object. The more the mass the more force that is needed in order to accelerate said object. Also, the ones who are the ones to build race cars try to make the cars smaller and the mass of the engines a lot less than the regular cars. This is the reason why when the race car crashes there is not much within the car because the moreShow MoreRelatedHow The Laws Of Motion Can Help On Preventing A Car Accident2082 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch question is about how the laws of motion apply to automobiles. I am interested in this research question because people do not realize how knowing the laws of motion can help on preventing a car accident. By having the knowledge of these laws of motion, people can understand why engineers make the cars like they do. The question and importance of the use of the seat belt c an be answered. People can now understand why speed limits are used. Also, they can know why some cars accelerate faster thanRead MoreMotion and Car Safety762 Words   |  3 PagesMotion is how everything in the universe moves, movement of the solar system never stops and is constantly moving but at a very slow speed. There are three laws in motion that explain movement, they are the Newton’s three laws of motion named after Isaac Newton. The Newton’s first law states that an object that is a rest will stay at rest unless an outside force is acted upon it and an object that is in motion will stay in motion unless an outside force is acted upon it. This is also called as â€Å"inertia†Read MoreEssay about The Solution to Texting and Driving1145 Words   |  5 PagesAcross the globe family and friends are losing their loved ones to fatal texting and driving accidents. These days, many strive to be connected with the world and their friends by using mobile device s. The problem is that numerous people tend to do so at bad times. For example, while one is driving, it is common to look down at the cell phone to send a short text message that could put their lives in harm. Across the nation, numerous advertising and support groups are spreading the word to encourageRead MoreEssay about Vehicle Design: Airbag System764 Words   |  4 Pagesvehicle has been damaged in an accident. Once an accident is determined by the control unit, a signal is sent to the inflator system. This inflator sets off a chemical charge which produces an explosion of nitrogen gas, this fills up the airbag and bursts through the paneling which contains it and enters into the space of the car with the purpose of protecting the passenger. Every object in the car has speed, mass and direction. Therefore, if a person sitting in the car is not secured, they will continueRead MoreCrumple Zone864 Words   |  4 PagesZone I choose to look at the crumple zone in cars for my technological device and briefly touch upon seat belts in cars and air bags. The crumple zone in my own words is a zone built in an automobile to compress when an accident occurs. This was built to absorb â€Å"deformation† energy from the impact. The other reason it was built, which is more common is to reduce the deaths in car accidents. Crumple zones are mostly located in the front of a car and this will absorb the energy from â€Å"head on collisions†Read MoreCar Accidents and Physics2070 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans are hurt or killed in car accidents. Many factors can play into an accident. Road condition, mechanical failure, driver error, or simply an act of God? Despite the countless reasons for a car accident, one factor is always present, no matter what the case: physics. Every accident that has ever occurred has involved physics. Using references found in the class text, in science journals, and on the Internet, I will prove this to you. Take, for example, two cars traveling in opposite directionsRead MoreThe Automotive Industry and The SRS System1199 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever taken a step back and thought to yourself, how rapidly the way it brings safety to its drivers and passengers has advanced through out the years? The SRS system has become a trend and one of the biggest factors of the automotive industry since it has become a mandatory requirement on vehicles. Air bags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the mid-1970s, when seat belt usage was still common. When the idea was first introduced to general motor companies, the ideaRead MoreThe Task of Keeping a Driver Sober1896 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many reasons people drink, however keeping a driver sober can be a monumental task. Often times drunk driving ends grimly. â€Å"Every 51 minutes on average, someone is killed in a drunk driving crash,† 10,322 people died in 2012 due as a result of drunk driving (http:/ /www.madd.org/drunk-driving/). Many programs and laws have spawned in hopes of reducing the number of drunk drivers on the road. These programs raise awareness on the results of drunk driving; however they lack a probable preventativeRead MoreSpeed Detection of Moving Vehicles Using Doppler Effect2854 Words   |  12 Pagestransgressors of the stipulated speed limit for that road. The speed cameras are there solely to identify and prosecute those drivers that pass by the them who exceed the stipulated speed limit. So speed limits are good idea. To enforce these speed limit, laws have been passed making speed an offence and signs have been erected so as to indicate the maximum permissible speed. The police cant be every where to enforce the speed limit and so enforcement cameras are there to do this work. Nearly everyoneRead Morewhite sharks5437 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿1. In your own words explain the demerit point system and give 10 infractions and how many demerit points it will cost the driver for each. Ans: Demerit points are added to your driver’s licence, if you are convicted of breaking certain driving laws. The rules are different depending on if you are a new driver or have a full licence. The demerit-point system encourages drivers to improve their behaviour and protects people from drivers who abuse the privilege of driving. Drivers convicted of How The Laws Of Motion Can Help On Preventing A Car Accident Introduction: My research question is about how the laws of motion apply to automobiles. I am interested in this research question because people do not realize how knowing the laws of motion can help on preventing a car accident. By having the knowledge of these laws of motion, people can understand why engineers make the cars like they do. The question and importance of the use of the seat belt can be answered. People can now understand why speed limits are used. Also, they can know why some cars accelerate faster than the others. All these questions can be answered with the three laws of motion. It can go from the use of the seat belt to the very bottom of the creation of the car. Knowing the laws of motion can help understand the effects that can occur with actions like not putting the seat belt on. There are three laws of motion described by Isaac Newton which are basically about forces and motions. Isaac Newton was a mathematician, scientist, and physician. The first law of motion is mostly recognized as â€Å"The Law of Inertia†. The second law of motion is the law that states that the force used in order to accelerate an object depends on the mass of said object. The more the mass the more force that is needed in order to accelerate said object. Also, the ones who are the ones to build race cars try to make the cars smaller and the mass of the engines a lot less than the regular cars. This is the reason why when the race car crashes there is not much within the carShow MoreRelatedHow The Laws Of Motion Can Help On Preventing A Car Accident1677 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch question is about how the laws of motion apply to automobiles. I am interested in this research question because people do not realize how knowing the laws of motion can help on preventing a car accident. By having the knowledge of these laws of motion, people can understand why engineers make the cars like they do. The question and importance of the use of the seat belt can be answered. P eople can now understand why speed limits are used. Also, they can know why some cars accelerate faster thanRead MoreMotion and Car Safety762 Words   |  3 PagesMotion is how everything in the universe moves, movement of the solar system never stops and is constantly moving but at a very slow speed. There are three laws in motion that explain movement, they are the Newton’s three laws of motion named after Isaac Newton. The Newton’s first law states that an object that is a rest will stay at rest unless an outside force is acted upon it and an object that is in motion will stay in motion unless an outside force is acted upon it. This is also called as â€Å"inertia†Read MoreEssay about The Solution to Texting and Driving1145 Words   |  5 PagesAcross the globe family and friends are losing their loved ones to fatal texting and driving accidents. These days, many strive to be connected with the world and their friends by using mobile devices. The problem is that numerous people tend to do so at bad times. For example, while one is driving, it is common to look down at the cell phone to send a short text message that could put their lives in harm. Across the nation, numerous advertising and support groups are spreading the word to encourageRead MoreEssay about Vehicle Design: Airbag System764 Words   |  4 Pagesvehicle has been damaged in an accident. Once an accident is determined by the control unit, a signal is sent to the inflator system. This inflator sets off a chemical charge which produces an explosion of nitrogen gas, this fills up the airbag and bursts through the paneling which contains it and enters into the space of the car with the purpose of protecting the passenger. Every object in the car has speed, mass and direction. Therefore, if a person sitting in the car is not secured, they will continueRead MoreCrumple Zone864 Words   |  4 PagesZone I choose to look at the crumple zone in cars for my technological device and briefly touch upon seat belts in cars and air bags. The crumple zone in my own words is a zone built in an automobile to compress when an accident occurs. This was built to absorb â€Å"deformation† energy from the impact. The other reason it was built, which is more common is to reduce the deaths in car accidents. Crumple zones are mostly located in the front of a car and this will absorb the energy from â€Å"head on collisions†Read MoreCar Accidents and Physics2070 Words   |  9 PagesAmericans are hurt or killed in car accidents. Many factors can play into an accident. Road condition, mechanical failure, driver error, or simply an act of God? Despite the countless reasons for a car accident, one factor is always present, no matter what the case: physics. Every accident that has ever occurred has involved physics. Using references found in the class text, in science journals, and on the Internet, I will prove this to you. Take, for example, two cars traveling in opposite directionsRead MoreThe Automotive Industry and The SRS System1199 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever taken a step back and thought to yourself, how rapidly the way it brings safety to its drivers and passengers has advanced through out the years? The SRS system has become a trend and one of the biggest factors of the automotive industry since it has become a mandatory requirement on vehicles. Air bags for passenger cars were introduced in the United States in the mid-1970s, when seat belt usage was still common. When the idea was first introduced to general motor companies, the ideaRead MoreThe Task of Keeping a Driver Sober1896 Words   |  8 PagesThere are many reasons people drink, however keeping a driver sober can be a monumental task. Often times drunk driving ends grimly. â€Å"Every 51 minutes on average, someone is killed in a drunk driving crash,† 10,322 people died in 2012 due as a result of drunk driving (http:/ /www.madd.org/drunk-driving/). Many programs and laws have spawned in hopes of reducing the number of drunk drivers on the road. These programs raise awareness on the results of drunk driving; however they lack a probable preventativeRead MoreSpeed Detection of Moving Vehicles Using Doppler Effect2854 Words   |  12 Pagestransgressors of the stipulated speed limit for that road. The speed cameras are there solely to identify and prosecute those drivers that pass by the them who exceed the stipulated speed limit. So speed limits are good idea. To enforce these speed limit, laws have been passed making speed an offence and signs have been erected so as to indicate the maximum permissible speed. The police cant be every where to enforce the speed limit and so enforcement cameras are there to do this work. Nearly everyoneRead Morewhite sharks5437 Words   |  22 Pagesï » ¿1. In your own words explain the demerit point system and give 10 infractions and how many demerit points it will cost the driver for each. Ans: Demerit points are added to your driver’s licence, if you are convicted of breaking certain driving laws. The rules are different depending on if you are a new driver or have a full licence. The demerit-point system encourages drivers to improve their behaviour and protects people from drivers who abuse the privilege of driving. Drivers convicted of

Atomic Mass and Mass Number Chemistry Review

Atomic mass and atomic mass number are two important concepts in chemistry. Heres a quick review of what is meant by atomic mass and atomic mass number, as well as how actual particle mass relates to atomic number. Atomic Definitions Z is used to signify the atomic number or proton number of an atomZ # of protons of an atomA is used to signify the atomic mass number (also known as atomic mass or atomic weight) of an atomA # protons # neutronsA and Z are integer valuesWhen the actual mass of an atom is expressed in amu (atomic mass units) or g/mol then the value is close to A Are Atomic Mass and Atomic Mass Number the Same? Yes and no. If you are talking about a sample of a single isotope of an element, the atomic mass number and the atomic mass are either very close or else the same. In introductory chemistry, its probably fine to consider them to mean the same thing. However, there are two cases in which the sum of the protons and neutrons (atomic mass number) is not quite the same as the atomic mass! In the periodic table, the atomic mass listed for an element reflects the natural abundance of the element. The atomic mass number of the isotope of hydrogen called protium is 1, while the atomic mass number of the isotope called deuterium is 2, yet the atomic mass is listed as 1.008. This is because natural elements are a mixture of isotopes. The other difference between the sum of protons and neutrons and the atomic mass is due to mass defect. In a mass defect, some of the mass of the protons and neutrons is lost when they bind together to form an atomic nucleus. In a mass defect, the atomic mass is lower than the atomic mass number. Source Jensen, William B. (2005). The Origins of the Symbols A and Z for Atomic Weight and Number. J. Chem. Educ. 82: 1764.

Overpopulation and Environmental Degradation Essay

Jessica Carling 10/28/2010 Tues/Thur. 2:00 - 3:15 Overpopulation and Environmental Degradation The planet on which we live is dying, harsh: yes, but true. The sustaining capacity of the globe is shrinking a little bit every year and soon, if the population trend continues at the current rate the sustaining capacity will have reached its peak. The ignorance of humanity has lead all to believe that the planets resources are infinite well, Im here to tell you that research, study, and observation has proven that it is in fact very finite. The population explosion has its roots in developing countries such as China and India, the two most populous countries in the†¦show more content†¦They depleted their natural resources faster than they could be replenished. There are plenty of reasons that our minds can come up with as to how human population can spiral out of control, including religion and culture; but according to Paul and Anne Ehrlich co-authors of Population Resources Environment: Issues in Human Ecology one of the m ain reasons for the spike in human population over the last century is the rise in birth rate and a sharp decline in the death rate, due to cultural advances (9). The global crude birth rate from 2005-2010 is 20.3 children per 1000 people. Ehrlich put together a chart detailing the estimated population history since 8000 B.C. According to the chart the estimated human population in 1930 A.D. was 2 billion people, by 1975 a mere 45 years later the estimated population was more than double that at around 4 billion people (6). Arthur McCormack says that high birth rates and low death rates cannot continue without causing excessive rates of population growth that are detrimental to the quality of human life (9-10). In his view the way to achieve a balance in the global population is to find a way to get birth rates to be almost if not entirely equal to death rates (10). A feat that is not easy to achieve. Dodds refers to humans drive to reproduce, in blunt terms; people just want to have sex (118). The problem is people are not practicing the process of safe sex as much as theyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Overpopulation and Environmental Degradation737 Words   |  3 PagesOverpopulation and Environmental Degradation At the time of the agricultural revolution, nearly ten thousand years ago, the population of the globe was no more than ten million. Today the world population is estimated at over six billion. In the last hundred years the population has more than tripled. With the population rising at an enormous rate of 1.7 million a week, the world as a whole is being drained of its resources. (Southwick, 1996) Different theories have prevailed on what will occurRead MoreProblems Caused By Overpopulation Is The Rise Of A Place Populated With Excessively Large Numbers879 Words   |  4 PagesProblems Caused by Overpopulation in Cities Overpopulation is ‘The condition of a place populated with excessively large numbers’. It is considered a problem in many senses, since it causes a number of issues for various different reasons. One major issue caused by overpopulation is the rise of unemployment. This is when people actively seeking employment or just people that are able to work remain unemployed. Overpopulation causes this because the amount of jobs available would be the same as beforeRead MoreConsumption Overpopulation and Its Effects on the Environment1082 Words   |  5 PagesConsumption Overpopulation Think about a sign that says EARTH Max Capacity 10 billion. Based on what they have the human population plans out parties. They have a lack of space and resources. Anyone who would plan these parties would have to take in account for the amount of people that would have to scrunch in with each other, and how many people would not have enough food to last the party. Which basically makes it so the guests are down to a certain number. Our planet is a close similarityRead MoreEnd of Mayan Civilization1143 Words   |  5 PagesThese factors included overpopulation and accompanying ecological degradation, political competition, and warfare (Sayre, 2012, p.392). Once again, it is essential to clearly articulate the fact that it is theoretically impossible to put forth only one single underlying factor in a theory offering a coherent explanation for the collapse of the Mayan civilization. However, one particular theory, a comprehensive theory focusing specifically upon drought as an environmental and climate factor, offersRead MoreOverpopulation Is More Than Just A Crowded Planet1343 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent world population no longer signifies progression; it signifies regression. Today, the Earth’s human population is approaching overpopulation. Overpopulation is more than just a crowded planet. The definition of overpopulation is, â€Å"†¦too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cambridge Dictionaries). This means that overpopulation will impact crucial aspects of the planet and not just increase city sizes. Robert Kolb suggested in the Encyclopedia of Business EthicsRead More Overpopulation Pressures Our Natural Resources and Environment743 Words   |  3 PagesThe growing concerns of population are not limited to environmental degradation such as losses of biodiversity, soil depletion, and toxic rivers and oceans. It goes further through the risks it imposes of â€Å"epidemics, resource war, terrorism, and deaths from violent climatic events† (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 2012). Malthus argued that, people growth respond to wage or income that correlate negatively with the size of population (Lee 2011). On the other hand, climate change correlates positively with increaseRead MorePopulation Growth And Its Impact On The Environment1677 Words   |  7 Pageswithin that time frame. If the population continues to grow at rapid rates our planet, environment, civilization, and even humanity will suffer due to over consumption, pollution, and destruction causing depletion and possibly even extinction. Overpopulation of civilizations could lead to the depleti on of fresh water, other natural resources, food supplies, and even habitations. Humanity as a whole make choices regarding housing, food, water, and even clothes that impact our biospheres. PopulationRead MoreThe Causes Of Poverty With Special Focus On India1242 Words   |  5 Pageslive such as food, water and shelter. Did you know over 3 billion people live on less than $2.50 a day, which is 43% of the world’s population i.e almost half (worldbank). Poverty is caused by a variety of things including overpopulation, lack of education, environmental degradation and economic factors. The following essay goes in depth on the various causes of poverty with special focus on India. Political influences in India such as income inequality, globalization, capitalism and corruption areRead MoreThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation872 Words   |  4 PagesHuman overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current populationRead MoreExtinction Of Animal Extinction1024 Words   |  5 Pagesefforts to help endangered animals, there is a lack of admission that people are the cause for this issue. The human race is what has caused many of these species to become extinct, through our destruction of the adjacent land and overpopulation. Environmental degradation has affected many of the species that need that ecosystem to survive. When speaking of the loss of species, the Zoological Foundation and the World Wide Fund for Nature have both agreed that â€Å"The losses were attributed to pollution

Macbeth As A Tragic Hero - 1685 Words

Throughout a variety of Shakespeare’s tragedies, the audience is presented with a protagonist who appears to be a â€Å"tragic hero† in the overall play. In other words, this character is one who has made an error in his judgement, providing that this error eventually leads to their own ruin or destruction. Within Macbeth, Macbeth the character is regarded as a tragic hero, but with the distinct and evident explanation of his evil and the succession of his acts of violence, it may not be as clear cut as to whether he is a tragic hero or not. Though Macbeth does commit an error that leads to his eventual destruction, he knows that his judgement is evil and he is aware of the nature of the deed that he wishes to commit in order to reach his ambitions. His knowledge of the nature of his thoughts and actions first appears after an incident he experiences with his imagination and in fact, imagination plays a big role in the motivating identity for his will to commit regicide . Imagination begins by acting as a self-contradicting identity by providing a form of motivation, but also contributing to some hesitation towards the murderous act. As the play progresses though, it becomes solely a motivating identity towards the evil that contributed to the deterioration of Macbeth, and it is this resulting torment that becomes evidence of what evil does onto Macbeth’s mind and heart. Within the context of the play, imagination can be defined as the supernatural occurrences that contribute toShow MoreRelatedMacbeth as a Tragic Hero985 Words   |  4 Pages In William shakespeare’s Macbeth,Macbeth is a classic example of a tragic hero in shakesperean work.Macbeth display the major characteristics of a tragic hero throughout the play until his tragic end.The play potrays Macbeth as a lost cause by showing how he fell from being a honest and just man who fought for whats right, to a cruel,superstitious,ambicious dictator.In william shakespreares Macbeth,Macbeth is a tragic hero because he compromises his honor and negates his moral values in orderRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Macbeth character in Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be played many ways.  Macbeth s relationship with other characters in the play and Aristotle s theory of a tragedy are ways in which Macbeth is shown as a tragic hero I am going to explain to you how Macbeth is a true tragic hero. At the very beginning of the play,  Macbeth  and Banquo are returning to Scotland from a fierce battle between the Norwegians and the Scottish. They have just won the war for Duncan.   This shows a noble virtueRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1513 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth as a Tragic Hero William Shakespeare s plays have the reputation of being among the greatest in the English language and in Western literature. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finestRead MoreMacbeth as a Tragic Hero1453 Words   |  6 Pagespresents Macbeth as a tragic hero? The 17th century play, ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare, was written during a time when James the first became the first king of both Scotland and England. The characters in the play are also based upon his descendants. The play itself focuses on the character of Macbeth who is manipulated into committing regicide by 3 witches. As the play progresses, both him and his wife begin to lose all sense of morality, resulting with both of their deaths in the end. Macbeth isRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero893 Words   |  4 PagesSeidewand Andreacchi February 13th 2017 ENG2D1-02 Macbeth as a Tragic Hero A tragic hero can be described as a character obtaining heroic qualities that is, at the same time, destined for their own downfall. Unfortunately, Macbeth is an example of a character that has this title. In Shakespeare’s time during the writing of the play was the reign of King James of England, and the play ‘Macbeth’ reflects on Shakespeare’s own relationship with this king. Someone of greatRead MoreMacbeth - a Tragic Hero2214 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeares play Macbeth, written in the 1600s is a perfect example of Shakespeares ability to manipulate his audience through creating a tragic hero. A tragic hero who, because of a flaw, tumbles from a well-respected hero to a cowardless murderer. It is through Shakespeares manipulation of figurative language, dramatic conventions and social expectations of the seventeenth century, do the audience witness the demise of this mixed up man. Macbeths persona of the tragic hero is enhanced evenRead Mor eMacbeth as a Tragic Hero846 Words   |  3 Pages The tragic hero has been a major storytelling tool in recent years that makes the audience relate to, respect, and feel sympathy for a character which is undone by the end of the story. But can this title be given to Macbeth, the titular hero of the Shakespeare play by the same name? Yes, absolutely- Shakespeare’s Macbeth follows this plot path in numerous ways. Throughout the play, we are introduced to Macbeth’s belovedness, the crushing of said established belovedness, and his own undoing. Read MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2154 Words   |  9 Pages Karen H. Macbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"The catastrophe of the tragic hero thus becomes the catastrophe of the fifth-century man; all his furious energy and intellectual daring drive him on to this terrible discovery of his fundamental ignorance - he is not the measure of all commodity but the commodity measured and found wanting.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotationRead MoreMacbeth As A Tragic Hero2015 Words   |  9 PagesMacbeth Show how Macbeth is seen as a tragic hero â€Å"One of the most tragic things I know about human nature is that all of us tend to put off living. We are all dreaming of some magical rose garden over the horizon-instead of enjoying the roses that are blooming outside our windows today.† The words ‘tragic hero’ has undergone a deceptive and detrimental process, it goes from a favorable connotation to a repulsive connotation. A tragic hero makes â€Å"judgment errors† that are inescapable and it ultimatelyRead MoreMacbeth is a Tragic Hero995 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth was a true tragic hero. He had many noble qualities as well as several tragic flaws. He was a courageous, brave and good nobleman who was haunted by superstition, moral cowardice and an overwhelming ambition.(Boyce) Macbeth’s ambition to be king starts off as just a desire and progressively as the play goes on it becomes his tragic flaws. Lady Macbeth convinces her husband to murder king Duncan by putting his manhood and courage at stake. Macbeth is represented as a tolerably good man up

Project Management Economy

Question: Write an essay on Project Management? Answer: Here we are told of the critical path, now we must first understand the meaning of the word critical path, it means that when we take up a project we follow a certain path to finish its course and the paths can be different for different project but if the path that is taken proves out to be the longest path then it is called the critical path. Now here we will be given some precedence constraints to work on and the critical path must be chosen according to the precedence constraints set out by the Multiple sclerosis society of Canada, because the constraints determine the working principle that must followed in order to select the critical path that can be taken in order to serve the original purpose of the project of the Grand Bend Bicycle Tour. The critical path will be the longest path taken in order to accomplish the project so the project manager should keep in mind that if the projects deadline crosses over, he/she have to bear the consequences in order to finish the project efficiently so the project manger should always try to diminish the chances of taking up the critical path as the last resort, and revive all the stress of the number of participants involved or the capital needed or the administration involved (Heerkens, 2002). -In order to obtain the most efficient working process the project manager should try to reduce the chances of taking up the critical path to finish his task and so for that the project manger should undertake a sequence of tasks that would help him to reduce his chances of taking up the critical path in order to finish his project some of the methods or sequence of steps are given below. a) The Economy- The main usage of the critical plan comes into the picture when we talk about saving the capital associated with the project, so the first motive is to eliminate all kin sod unnecessary steps that could ensure a hit on the capital and undertaking of the critical path takes place. b) Identify the steps- Identify the unnecessary steps that require more time and obtain more chances of calling in the critical path to finish the project (Deeprose, 2002). So the project manager has the responsibility to reduce the number of unnecessary steps that are undertaken in order to reduce the chances of using the critical path. c) Customer Satisfaction- The project manager should also ensure that the dependency of the customers on the critical path must be reduced and for that they should make sure of taking the optimum time to finish the project so that there comes no need of taking up the critical path. Revised Critical Path- The revised critical path is the path under taken to complete the project in the allotted time by taking in all the methods that can be used in the process of the original critical path and completing the project in the allotted time by achieving all the constraints. Yes, an achievement of less than 23 days is made by taking up the revised critical path. The optimistic times must be undertaken, in order to finish the project of the bicycle tour in order to satisfy the needs of the customers who are in need in the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada (Wright, 2002). For that the project manager should think of all the means available in order to fulfill every aspect of the project without going into using the critical path as the last resort to its plan of accomplishing the project and for that the project manager has to deliver all the aspects of the project by completing the task to their ends and then delivering it to the customers and avoid using the critical path to achieve its goals. The present stress that the project managers are facing should be lifted as soon as possible in order to divert the project managers from the path which can be wring and prove itself as a catastrophe. For that the areas of stress must be identified in order to propose a suitable contingency plan and also certify a number of experts to work on the plan efficiently so that the expected objectives are gained (Kerzner, 2001). The contingency plan is nothing but a risk management procedure in order to save the project. References Deeprose, D. (2002).Project management. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Heerkens, G. (2002).Project management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Kerzner, H. (2001).Project management. New York: John Wiley. Wright, J. (2002). Effective Project Management.International Journal of Project Management, 20(8), p.633.

Analysis Of Remuneration System Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis Of Remuneration System. Answer: Introduction Remuneration refers to payment or compensation, which is received for services. It includes basic salary as well as any type of bonuses that an employee receives at the time of employment. However, there are principles, can distinguish better remuneration system that is focused on the study. The study has also purposed to critically analyze the impact of remuneration system on a business organization. In addition, OMeara Electronics Company is selected as the case study. It is a private limited company and has high market share in Australia. The organization has had a reasonably high market share in the general electronics sector in Australia. The organization has semi-automated factories which are operated electronics engineers as well as electronics technicians. Analysis of remuneration system Remuneration is an element that directly affects the success of the organization. There are no universal efficient systems that can be applied for specifying several types of businesses along with individuals (Guillen et al. 2015). There are two types of remuneration methods generally used in the business organization such as price rate method as well as time rate method. Remuneration system has a great impact on the employee of an organization. It can motivate the staffs to be more productive. Remuneration can praise or recognition for staffs of an organization. Remuneration awarded to the teams of a particular organization increases the levels of productivity as the team looking out for the collective product of the team. For an example, the sales team of an organization increases existing the account orders as well as producing leads for the new account. In addition, pooling staffs in a team with the collective target increases the productivity of proper remuneration is provided ( Van Dijk et al. 2014). On the other hand, remuneration can increase overall morale of staffs provided the advantages that are regarded as equitable. Moreover, providing tiered or incremental bonus based on the staffs of the organization. In the present case study, an executive staff forum has been set up. In the setup, key executive staffs at the meeting are attended. Newbery (2016) stated that it is important to have positioned-based in remuneration system that is processed in OMeara Electronics. On the other hand, it is required to consider all aspects that can be achieved in the organization. The new system has the beneficial approach as well as gets everything up on the whiteboard. Thus, everyone nodded in the arrangement requires no argument for the particular statement (Houle et al. 2014). A participative approach for new remuneration management system can be helpful for this approach. In this perspective, it is important to process performance management system that can be or ganized in OMeara Electronics. In terms of providing effective remuneration system to the organization, it is required to analyze the organizational performance of O'Meara Electronics. However, it is not easy because of involving a lot of negativity. In order to critically analyze remuneration system of O'Meara Electronics, it is important to evaluate performance goals of the individual (Bertone, Lurton Mutombo, 2016). The organizational goal has an impact on individual targets as well as the performance of the organization. On contrary, it is important to work on the first stage; the staffs are required to work on the lower level of production. In the second stage, setting goals with the help of supervisors as well as managers would be helpful to achieve the target of the organization. Filler, Burkoski and Tithecott, (2014) stated that worker can specify a period where it can be demonstrated by workers. Being a consultant for the system of the organization, it would be helpful to process performance management system, which is based on relations with consumers. Analysis of the system results that there is lacking in processes as well as activities in order to manage performance. The employees of OMeara Electronics have made cle ar that supervisors as well as staffs of the organization do not work together. Thus, supervisors are afraid of getting complaints from the staffs working in the organization for several years. Gershman and Kuznetsova (2014) mentioned that as compensation, as well as reward system, acts an important role in the business of an organization, it is required to have effective remuneration system in OMeara Electronics. Every factor responsible for increasing business of the organization needs to be considered. Labour acts an important role in order to bring about the procedure of business. Along with these, different factors such as human emotions and ambitions at a vital role in the organization. Thus, a fair compensation system would be helpful for the staffs of the organization. An ideal compensation system has the positive impact on efficiency as well as results generated by staffs of the organization. It can encourage staffs of OMeara Electronics in order to perform better as well as achieve the standards fixed. Along with these, it will improve the procedure of evaluating job (Ekdahl, 2014). It will also assist to set up an ideal job assessment as well as set the standards that would be more realistic and achievable. The system needs to be simple as well as flexible so that staffs of OMeara Electronics would be able in order to compute own compensation receivable. However, it is easy for implementing that would not provide result in order to exploit the workers (Mrquez et al. 2015). It will raise morale and efficiency as well as cooperation among the staffs. The system can be helpful for management of the organization in order to comply with several labor acts. Solving disputes between the union as well as management of O'Meara Electronics can be helpful to follow the management of principle of getting equal pay. The remuneration system can be helpful for the organization through motivating and encouraging performance better and needs to provide scopes for staff. In addition, it is required to process effective compensation system that brings peace for relationship of employer as well as staffs of OMeara Electronics (Morrow, 2015). It has aims creation of healthy competition among staffs in order to work hard as well as efficiently. The system needs to provide development as well as advancement scopes to deserving staffs of OMeara Electronics. In addition, it is important to make perfect compensation system that can provide a platform for making happy as well as a satisfied workforce (Wendt, 2014). On the other hand, the organization is able retaining best talent through providing adequate compensation system from switching over to the different job. In addition, the business organization is able to think regarding expansion as well as the development of the organization. It supports to be sk illful and talented as well as the happy workforce. Thus, appropriate compensation system can be helpful for being the hallmark of the organization. Malone and Conway (2015) commented that it is important to have success as well as the prosperity of O'Meara Electronics. Pay-package provides to the staffs of the organization. It is important to make performance and management of the organization that can be helpful for the organization to make sense and creates fruitful outcome. It is important to make a performance that can be helpful for the organization that impacts on performance as well as staff morale (Mossialos et al. 2015). The staffs are required to evaluate the fault policy that can be helpful for making good performance and management that can be achievable at O'Meara Electronics. On the other hand, being the consultant for performance management, it is required to start from the beginning and left for contemplating the process. On the other hand, performance management forum starts for making contemplating the process. Pondering about the process at the organization can be helpful to make effective performance management system. Thus, effective performance management of the system can be helpful to gain an effective idea for remuneration (Renwick et al. 2016). Making performance with zero faul t policy as well as on attitude can make the process better through generating effective idea and system that would be helpful for the organization to be effective in its system (Honor, Munar de La Potterie, 2015). On the other hand, it is important to generate the effective idea that would set up remuneration for the staff forum. Performance management system can engage the staffs forum for the process. Hence, it is important to develop effective remuneration system that can be helpful for making the organization effective management of the organization. It is important to develop the effective idea that can lead to making proper performance management system for the organization. On the other hand, pondering about the process for setting the staff forum needs to consider the potential for promotion as well as their absence (Condo et al. 2014). On the other hand, general administration of the organization requires setting loyalty and potential for promotion as well as their absence. Moreover, OMeara Electronics has been operating for 20 years (Hauck, Thomas, Smith, 2016). Thus, the effective setting of the process can obtain an effective system that leads the development of the system through setting up subsidiaries in several countries in South-East Asia as well as the system that can be helpful for the organization. Remuneration is referred as monetary rewards received by staffs. On the other hand, it is required to have proper remuneration system for the organization. On the other hand, remuneration is different from compensation. It sets earnings of the staffs redeemed in the organization (Neumann, 2013). Along with these, the minimum age is the lowest remuneration employer of O'Meara Electronics can be helpful for the organization. It can be enforced with the help of Federal Law and make the state for which the amount is higher. Developing an idea for intermediate as well as intermediates would be helpful to format and calculate as well as model data. On the other hand, being on salary can make the process easier taking absences from work. Most of the businesses and staffs are paid hourly need to schedule absences as well as take paid leave if they are not present. It is important to make an appropriate system for the organization (Arnason Gissurarson, 2017). Hence, it is important to develop effective remuneration system for employees of the organization through which the organization can gain competitive advantages in the market. Recommendation Remuneration refers to total compensation that can be received with the help of executive that includes base salary and gets a bonus as well as expense accounts as well as different forms of compensation. On the other hand, the amount of remuneration can be helpful to make an effective system for the organization. Thus, it requires taking proper strategy regarding remuneration system of the organization. The organization needs to follow government rules and regulation regarding distribution of compensation and implementing effective compensation system. In addition, the non-discrepancy policy would be helpful in this aspect. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be concluded that effective remuneration system has an important role for employees of an organization. The Fair Labor Standard Act can classify employees and certain professionals as well as executives through exempting the process. Thus, with the help of effective remuneration system, the organization can gain benefits. In addition, wages are required to pay on legal obligations in order to get sufficient share of the relevant labor markets and providing fair reward and incentive to the employees so that they can give their potential in the workplace and achieve the target of the organization. References Arnason, R., Gissurarson, H. H. (2017).Individual transferable quotas in theory and practice(Vol. 4). Almenna bkaflagi. Bertone, M. P., Lurton, G., Mutombo, P. B. (2016). Investigating the remuneration of health workers in the DR Congo: implications for the health workforce and the health system in a fragile setting.Health policy and planning,31(9), 1143-1151. Condo, J., Mugeni, C., Naughton, B., Hall, K., Tuazon, M. A., Omwega, A., ... Binagwaho, A. (2014). Rwandas evolving community health worker system: a qualitative assessment of client and provider perspectives.Human resources for health,12(1), 71. Ekdahl, A. W. (2014). The organisation of hospitals and the remuneration systems are not adapted to frail old patients giving them bad quality of care and the staff feelings of guilt and frustration.European Geriatric Medicine,5(1), 35-38. Filler, G., Burkoski, V., Tithecott, G. (2014). Measuring physicians productivity: A three-year study to evaluate a new remuneration system.Academic Medicine,89(1), 144-152. Gershman, M., Kuznetsova, T. (2014). Performance-related pay in the Russian RD sector.Foresight-Russia,8(3), 58-69. Guillen, J., Macher, C., Merzraud, M., Boncoeur, J., Guyader, O. (2015). Effects of the share remuneration system on fisheries management targets and rent distribution.Marine Resource Economics,30(2), 123-138. Hauck, K., Thomas, R., Smith, P. C. (2016). Departures from cost-effectiveness recommendations: the impact of health system constraints on priority setting.Health Systems Reform,2(1), 61-70. Honor, F., Munari, F., de La Potterie, B. V. P. (2015). Corporate governance practices and companies RD intensity: Evidence from European countries.Research policy,44(2), 533-543. Houle, S. K., Grindrod, K. A., Chatterley, T., Tsuyuki, R. T. (2014). Paying pharmacists for patient care: a systematic review of remunerated pharmacy clinical care services.Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada,147(4), 209-232. Malone, A., Conway, D. I. (2015). Payment methods may influence behaviour of primary care dentists.Evidence-based dentistry,16(1), 4. Mrquez, L., Rosado, D. G., Mouratidis, H., Mellado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E. (2015, June). A framework for secure migration processes of legacy systems to the cloud. InInternational Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(pp. 507-517). Springer, Cham. Morrow, N. C. (2015). Pharmaceutical policy Part 1 The challenge to pharmacists to engage in policy development.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice,8(1), 4. Mossialos, E., Courtin, E., Naci, H., Benrimoj, S., Bouvy, M., Farris, K., ... Sketris, I. (2015). From retailers to health care providers: transforming the role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management.Health Policy,119(5), 628-639. Neumann, D. A. (2013).Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System-E-Book: Foundations for Rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences. Newbery, D. (2016). Missing money and missing markets: Reliability, capacity auctions and interconnectors.Energy Policy,94, 401-410. Renwick, M. J., Smolina, K., Gladstone, E. J., Weymann, D., Morgan, S. G. (2016). Postmarket policy considerations for biosimilar oncology drugs.The Lancet Oncology,17(1), e31-e38. Van Dijk, C. E., Verheij, R. A., Te Brake, H., Spreeuwenberg, P., Groenewegen, P. P., De Bakker, D. H. (2014). Changes in the remuneration system for general practitioners: effects on contact type and consultation length.The European Journal of Health Economics,15(1), 83-91. Wendt, C. (2014). Changing healthcare system types.Social policy administration,48(7), 864-882.

Internal Combustion Engines Essay Paper Example For Students

Internal Combustion Engines Essay Paper Internal Combustion EnginesAn internal-combustion engine is a heat engine that burns fuel and airinside a combustion chamber located within the engine proper. Simply stated, aheat engine is an engine that converts heat energy to mechanical energy. Theinternal- combustion engine should be distinguished from the external-combustion engine, for example, the steam engine and the Stirling engine, whichburns fuel outside the prime mover, that is, the device that actually producesmechanical motion. Both basic types produce hot, expanding gases, which may thenbe employed to move pistons, turn turbine rotors, or cause locomotion throughthe reaction principle as they escape through the nozzle. Most people are familiar with the internal-combustion reciprocating engine,which is used to power most automobiles, boats, lawn mowers, and home generators. Based on the means of ignition, two types of internal-combustion reciprocatingengines can be distinguished: spark-ignition engines and compression-ignitionengines. In the former, a spark ignites a combustible mixture of air and fuel;in the latter, high compression raises the temperature of the air in the chamberand ignites the injected fuel without a spark. The diesel engine is acompression-ignition engine. This article emphasizes the spark-ignition engine. The invention and early development of internal-combustion engines areusually credited to three Germans. Nikolaus Otto patented and built (1876) thefirst such engine; Karl Benz built the first automobile to be powered by such anengine (1885); and Gottlieb Daimler designed the first high-speed internal-combustion engine (1885) and carburetor. Rudolf Diesel invented a successfulcompression-ignition engine (the diesel engine) in 1892. The operation of the internal-combustion reciprocating engine employseither a four-stroke cycle or a two-stroke cycle. A stroke is one continuousmovement of the piston within the cylinder. In the four-stroke cycle, also known as the Otto cycle, the downwardmovement of a piston located within a cylinder creates a partial vacuum. Valveslocated inside the combustion chamber are controlled by the motion of a camshaftconnected to the crankshaft. The four strokes are called, in order of sequence,intake, compression, power, and exhaust. On the first stroke the intake valve isopened while the exhaust valve is closed; atmospheric pressure forces a mixtureof gas and air to fill the chamber. On the second stroke the intake and exhaustvalves are both closed as the piston starts upward. The mixture is compressedfrom normal atmospheric pressure (1 kg/sq cm, or 14.7 lb/sq in) to between 4.9and 8.8 kg/sq cm (70 and 125 lb/sq in). During the third stroke the compressedmixture is ignitedeither by compression ignition or by spark ignition. Theheat produced by the combustion causes the gases to expand within the cylinder,thus forcing the piston downward. The pistons connecting rod transmi ts thepower from the piston to the crankshaft. This assembly changes reciprocatinginother words, up-and-down or back-and-forth motionto rotary motion. On thefourth stroke the exhaust valve is opened so that the burned gases can escape asthe piston moves upward; this prepares the cylinder for another cycle. Internal-combustion spark-ignition engines having a two-stroke cycle combineintake and compression in a single first stroke and power and exhaust in asecond stroke. The internal-combustion reciprocating engine contains several subsystems:ignition, fuel, cooling, and exhaust systems. The ignition system of a spark-ignition engine consists of the sparkingdevice (the spark plug); the connecting wire from the plug to the distributor;and the distributor, which distributes the spark to the proper cylinder at theproper time. The distributor receives a high-energy spark from a coil, ormagneto, that converts low-voltage energy to high-voltage energy. Some ignitionsystems employ transistorized circuitry, which is generally more efficient andless troublesome than the mechanical breaker-point system used in the past. Mostignition systems require an external electrical energy source in the form of abattery or a magneto. .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .postImageUrl , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:hover , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:visited , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:active { border:0!important; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:active , .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63 .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube36ef24bbd83f5eeac8c371cba37e63:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Philosophy of Religion EssaySpark-ignition engines require a means for mixing fuel and air. This may beeither a carburetor or fuel injection. A carburetor atomizes the fuel into theengines incoming air supply. The mixture is then vaporized in the intakemanifold on its way to the combustion chamber. fuel injection sprays acontrolled mist of fuel into the airstream, either in the intake manifold orjust before the intake valve or valves of each cylinder. Both carburetors andfuel injectors maintain the correct fuel- to-air ratio, about one part fuel tofifteen parts air, over a wide range of air temperatures, engine speeds, andloads. Fuel injection can compensate for change s in altitude as well. Internal-combustion engines require some type of starting system. Smallengines are generally started by pulling a starting rope or kicking a lever. Larger engines may use compressed air or an electric starting system. The latterincludes a startera high-torque electric motorto turn the crankshaft untilthe engine starts. Starting motors are extremely powerful for their size and aredesigned to utilize high currents (200 to 300 amperes). The large startingcurrents can cause a battery to drain rapidly; for this reason a heavy- dutybattery is usually used. Interrupting this connection is an electrical switchcalled a solenoid, which is activated by the low- voltage starting switch. Inthis way the ignition switch can be located away from the starter and yet stillturn the starter on and off. The cooling system is important because internal-combustion engines operateat high temperatures of combustionspark- ignition engines at approximately2,760 degrees C (5,000 degrees F) and diesel engines at even higher temperatures. If it were not for the cooling system, these high temperatures would damage andmelt many parts of the engine. The cooling system essentially dissipates theheat of combustion in metal, water, or air and automatically regulates thetemperature so that the engine can operate at its optimum temperatureabout 93degrees C (200 degrees F). Air-cooled engines, popularly used to power small lawn mowers, chain saws,power generators, and motorcycles, as well as small cars and airplanes, oftenrequire no moving parts, and therefore little or no maintenance, for the coolingsystem. The head, or uppermost part, of the cylinder and the cylinder block havefins cast into them; these fins increase the surface exposed to the surroundingair, allowing more heat to be radiated. Usually a cover or shroud channels theair flow over the fins. A fan is sometimes included if the engine is locatedaway from a stream of fast-moving air. Water-cooled engines have water jackets built into the engine block. Thesejackets surround the cylinders. Usually a centrifugal water pump is used tocirculate the water continuously through the water jackets. In this way the highheat of combustion is drawn off the cylinder wall into the circulating water. The water must then be cooled in a radiator that transfers the heat energy ofthe water to the radiators cooler surrounding fluid. The surrounding fluid canbe air or water, depending on the application of the engine. Internal-combustion engines include an exhaust system, which allows the hotexhaust gases to escape efficiently from the engine. In some small engines theexhaust gases can exit directly into the atmosphere. Larger engines are noisierand require some type of muffler or sound deadener, usually a canister with aninner shell that breaks up the sound waves, dissipating their energy within themuffler before the exhaust gases are permitted to escape. The power capacity of an engine depends on a number of characteristics,including the volume of the combustion chamber. The volume can be increased byincreasing the size of the piston and cylinder and by increasing the number ofcylinders. The cylinder configuration, or arrangement of cylinders, can bestraight, or in-line (one cylinder located behind the other); radial (cylinderslocated around a circle); in a V (cylinders located in a V configuration); oropposed (cylinders located opposite each other). Another type of internal-combustion engine, the Wankel engine, has no cylinders; instead, it has a rotorthat moves through a combustion chamber. .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .postImageUrl , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:hover , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:visited , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:active { border:0!important; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:active , .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8 .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71cd9997fce933502ad902f2827a61d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Salem witch trials1 EssayAn internal-combustion engine must also have some kind of transmissionsystem to control and direct the mechanical energy where it is needed; forexample, in an automobile the energy must be directed to the driving wheels. Since these engines are not able to start under a load, a transmission systemmust be used to disengage the engine from the load during starting and then toapply the load when the engine reaches its operating speed.

What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor free essay sample

What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor? Justify your answer with reference to the UK bottled water market and/or other markets that you know. Almost all business operates in competition with other businesses, whether this is Sainsburys competing with Asda for customers at a local, national and international level or two local hairdressers competing for clients in a single town. Competition is usually between firms supplying the same product. For example, British Gas compete not just with other suppliers in the gas provision market but also with the suppliers of other types of fuel, including coal, electricity and oil. The managing director of Waterman Pens is famously quoted as saying: We are not in the market for pens, but executive gifts. Therefore he redefined the companys competitors as Dunhill and Rolex, rather than Parker and Bic. We will write a custom essay sample on What do you think is the best strategy for existing businesses to adopt in response to the entry of a new large competitor? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Competition is generally regarded as being positive, bringing benefits in particular to customers. The advantages of competition are based on the fact that, in order to gain market share, firms need to offer the cheapest or the best quality products to customers. This requires them to operate as efficiently as possible, in a cost effective way while at the same time improving the quality of products and services as much as possible. However, competition also has some negative. Where competition is based solely on price, product quality might be sacrificed because resources that are devoted to competing with other firms, such as the huge amounts spent on advertising and packaging, could be directed to producing cheaper or better products. Also, competition between firms means that, inevitably, some businesses will be forced out of the market, with the economic and human consequences of redundancy and unemployment. Finally, the competitive process tends to mean that successful established businesses gradually take over, for example Nestle and Danone – or merge with unsuccessful ones. This in turn leads to the existence of a smaller number of larger and larger businesses. This has happened, for example, in the supermarket sector. In very competitive markets, such as those that can be described as monopolistic competition, new competitors enter all the time. For example, a new hairdresser or a new cafe might set up on the high street. In order to compete, existing businesses will need to ensure that their product or service is of an appropriate quality, is priced and promoted appropriately and has its own USP. For example, in order for Nestle and Danone to give their bottled water a USP they could introduce different size bottles, and different flavours. In some industries, barriers to entry prevent or deter new firms from entering. They thus enable existing firms to continue relatively unchallenged and, in effect, protect them from new entrants and allow them to earn higher profits than they might in a more competitive environment. This is the case in monopoly or oligopoly markets such as car manufacturers, supermarkets and banks. However, from being a relatively small player in a market, a business can develop into a dominant business as a result of a takeover or a merger. This can have a significant impact on the competitive forces for existing firms that are now faced with a more powerful competitor. For example, in 2003, Morrisons, a medium sized bust fast growing supermarket chain, took over Safeway and became a much more significant competitor for Asda, Tesco and Sainsburys. The more competitive the market, the less opportunity there is for profit as firms try to cut costs and prices in order to attract customers. Where there is little competition but a strong demand, supernormal profits may be made. Such profits are often a sign of unfair competition. To retain a good reputation, Nestle and Danone must make sure their actions are fair competition. Fair competition is where firms compete on equal terms in a way that offers consumers the best choice of products and prices. An example of unfair competition would be Danone only supplying retailers that promise not to stock Nestle or Coca Cola or that agree to stock the whole range of Danones products.

Anti Affirmative Action essays

Anti Affirmative Action essays Recently, many people have had a problem with affirmative action. Its unfair rules and just the whole definition are outrageous. Affirmative action is the concept of creating equality for minorities by making all companies balance them out in the workplace. This leads to reverse discrimination, it doesnt always serve its purpose, and it is detrimental to the self-esteem of its recipients. This whole affirmative action concept should be taken out of this country immediately. Most importantly, affirmative action creates reverse discrimination. Non-minority individuals are often denied of a job to make room for minorities. This concept of hiring creates reverse discrimination when employers are forced to hire one individual over another because of racial make up instead of qualifications. Recently, a policeman in Massachusetts was turned down for a position even though he received the highest score on the exam. A few days later, he retook the test and marked the box for African-American, instead of Caucasian, and got the job. This incident further proved that affirmative action forces employers to look for the most qualified minority worker, rather than looking for the most qualified worker in general. Recently, the University of Michigan denied a group of students admission on the grounds of race rather than on their test scores (Cohen 52). In its attempt to create equality uniting the races, it really goes back to where inequality began. It has recreated the same problem that blacks did, only now it is white America that has to endure them. White men have now become the minority, while the past minorities are not minorities anymore. It is very difficult for whites to get jobs or any additional support. Minorities have easy access to jobs because companies are looking to find minorities to let into affirmative action. Minorities are also getting a lot of additional support. For instance...

The Impact of the Expansion of Islam in North and West Africa essays

The Impact of the Expansion of Islam in North and West Africa essays The Islamization of Africa started around the seventh century with the military conquests in Egypt led by Arabic armies and spread over the western part of the continent during the next five hundred years, reaching Morocco. Islam brought major changes at all levels of society in North and West Africa, at first, and to the the rest of the continent along the centuries, till today. Christian Egypt was the first country that knew islamization, after the death of Mohammad, around 639 C E, through the Arab armies and also through the Arab merchants that brought along scholars. These were wise men that taught the newly conquered people the Arab language and also gave advice to their leaders. They needed guidance in economic and political related matters and the Arabs came with their knowledge and organization due to the new faith that also established new rules and forms of governing. The faith of Islam was successful in conquering the people in Egypt and further, during the next five centuries, in Maghreb because it was not just a new religion intended to replace these populations beliefs but it came with new sets of rules and political knowledge. The followers of Mohammed were united by a faith that sought justice and unity for its faithful and it appealed to the people of North and West Africa by the way it applied to everyday life and its practicality. Some authors think that the fact that it permitted men to have more than a wife, unlike the Christian religion, might also have been considered more appealing to the nomadic tribes in the Western parts of Africa. The Arabs had the advantage of not merely imposing their own new religion to the newly conquered territories, but also of bringing with them a set of rules and a system that helped them teach through their scholars and clerics the rules that guided their own home society and proved successful in organizing them and bringing them together. Mohammed was aware ...

The Solution to Factory Farming

The Solution to Factory Farming The cruelty of factory farming is well-documented, but what is the solution? Go vegan. Cant we continue eating meat and other animal products and just treat the animals humanely? No, for two reasons: According to Animal Equality  over fifty-six  billion land animals are killed for human consumption every year worldwide. This number doesnt include sea creatures.   Humans eat far too many animals and animal products for the animals to all live on idyllic rambling farms, making humane farming almost impossible to achieve. A single battery hen building can hold over 100,000 hens in cages stacked on top of each other. How many square miles of land would be required to humanely raise 100,000 chickens so that they can establish separate flocks with their own pecking orders? Now multiply that number by 3,000, because there are 300 million egg-laying hens in the US, approximately one per person. And thats just the egg-laying chickens.Most importantly, no matter how well the animals are treated, subjugating animals for meat, milk and egg production is antithetical to animal rights.    Shouldnt we reduce suffering where we can? Yes, we can reduce some suffering by eliminating certain practices in certain areas, but this will not solve the problem. As explained above, we cannot humanely raise nine billion animals. Going vegan is the only solution. Also, keep in mind that some meat, eggs and dairy products are misleadingly marketed as humane but offer only marginal improvements over traditional factory farming. These animals are not raised humanely if they are in larger cages, or are taken out of cages only to live in overcrowded barns. And humane slaughter is an oxymoron. What about recent strides in the industry to reduce animal suffering? In his new book The Humane Economy, Animal Protection 2.0, How Innovators and enlightened consumers are transforming the Lives of Animals, author and animal-rights leader Wayne Pacelle writes about how the demand for change in how the animal farming community does business is having very identifiable changes. People who learn about factory farming are becoming more enlightened, and as they do so, producers must meet their demands. We saw this happen with the veal industry. Pacelle writes: From 1944 to the late 1980s, American per capita consumption of veal dropped from 8.6 pounds to just 0.3 pounds. When people learned about the cruelty of the veal business, they knew the moral price they paid was higher than the actual price of that restaurant meal. When we know better, we do better. In May 2015, the Humane Society of the United States was in negotiations with Walmart, the worlds largest retailer of food, to stop buying their eggs and chickens from farmers who would not voluntarily lose the battery cages. Those producers who did remove the batter cages were the new suppliers, so others had to go on board or be put out of business. This caused Walmart to release a declaration stating: There is growing public interest in how food is produced and consumers have questions about whether current practices match their values and expectations about the well-being of farm animals. Animal science plays a central role in guiding these practices , but does not always provide clear direction. Increasingly, animal welfare decisions are being considered through a combination of science and ethics. This may sound encouraging, but not all applaud the HSUSs efforts to make animals raised for slaughter more comfortable while awaiting their fate. One reason is as mentioned above:  no matter how well the animals are treated, subjugating animals for meat, milk and egg production is antithetical to animal rights. The other reason is if we make factory farming to appear humane, less people will feel the need to explore vegan options. Their moral and ethical reasons for doing so are seemingly moot. Cant I just go vegetarian? Going vegetarian is a great step, but consuming eggs and dairy still causes the suffering and deaths of animals, even on small family farms where the animals roam freely. When egg-laying hens or dairy cows are too old to be profitable, they are slaughtered for their meat, which is generally considered low quality and used for processed meat products. Male layer chickens are considered worthless because they do not lay eggs and do not have enough muscle to be useful as meat chickens, so they are killed as infants. While still alive, male chicks are ground up for animal feed or fertilizer. Male diary cattle are also considered useless because they do not give milk, and are slaughtered for veal while still very young. Going vegan is the only solution.

3 Cases of Missing Commas

3 Cases of Missing Commas 3 Cases of Missing Commas 3 Cases of Missing Commas By Mark Nichol The presence or absence of a single punctuation mark can create confusion or ambiguity about the meaning of a sentence. Three sentences illustrating this problem, each followed by discussion and revision, follow: 1. These factors make it hard for management to decide what to communicate to directors given the board’s crowded agenda. The lack of punctuation preceding given creates the implication that it is a verb that refers to something the directors are being handed. But here, given is a preposition signaling that information about a mitigating factor is about to be imparted, and punctuation should separate this tacked-on phrase from the main clause: â€Å"These factors make it hard for management to decide what to communicate to directors, given the board’s crowded agenda.† (The additional phrase could also begin the sentence: â€Å"Given the board’s crowded agenda, these factors make it hard for management to decide what to communicate to directors.†) 2. It’s not a real pleasant experience to tell you the truth. As written, this sentence suggests that the writer does not enjoy telling the truth to the reader (or, if the sentence is a quotation, to someone the speaker is talking to), but this is not the writer’s (or speaker’s) intent. To signal that â€Å"to tell the truth† is simply a conversational aside, it should be separated from the main clause: â€Å"It’s not a real pleasant experience, to tell you the truth.† (As in the previous sentence, the modifying phrase can begin the sentence: â€Å"To tell you the truth, it’s not a real pleasant experience.†) 3. The coach had pursued a star athlete only to have a deal fall just short. This sentence reads as if the coach had tried to recruit an athlete for the sole purpose of having a deal fall short; only could be misconstrued as a synonym for merely. But the part of the sentence starting with only is a modifying phrase describing the result of a sincere recruiting effort, and it should be set off from the main clause: â€Å"The coach had pursued a star athlete, only to have a deal fall just short.† (Unlike the dependent clauses and the main clauses in the sentences above, this pair of clauses cannot be transposed without heavy revision.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms45 Idioms About the Number One

Peoples Services Inc. by Muhammad Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peoples Services Inc. by Muhammad - Case Study Example Her supervisor Haleema realizes the changing attitude and decides to intervene. Â  According to Muhammad (2012), Qureshi starts taking longer lunch breaks meaning she was late to come back to the office for 15-20 minutes. Haleema noticed that after the lunch break, Qureshi was less productive, and spent some time dosing on the desk. She became too unproductive and sensitive to her colleagues who had to repeat her poor work. Later, Qureshi developed a habit of calling in sick with stomach flu. At one time, her daughter calls to say Qureshi is sick in bed. One afternoon, Haleema realized that Qureshi's breath smelt of strong mint and suspected she was drunk. Having given Qureshi many warnings, Haleema felt she needed to act because her attitude and performance affected everyone around her. Muhammad (2012) notes that Qureshi even asked for a departmental transfer arguing that she needed a less busy office. Haleema felt she needed to fire Qureshi because she never opened up her problems, and she seemed to deteriorate in her performance. However, they had to contact Employee Assistant Program (EAP) before firing her. Â  Haleema would land into legal problems for firing Qureshi without consulting EAP. Richard et al. (2009) argue that the EAP requires some alcohol or drug testing was done on any employee before terminating her from office. An alcoholic worker faces protection from Acts protecting people with disabilities and medical problems. Haleema should help Qureshi in seeking professional help before firing her. The law does not encourage alcohol abuse at a workplace. However, it encourages the employer to help the victim obtain treatment. Therefore, the Qureshi may sue Haleema first for not doing the alcohol test, and secondly for not intervening for a professional help. Although it may be expensive, the employer should seek legal help before taking action against Qureshi.

Interviw Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interviw - Case Study Example In the course of discussing my findings, I will include a comparison to the characteristics of adult learning as presented in Merriam and Bierema’s (2014) Adult Learning: Linking Theory and Practice. The respondent in the interview is female. Her name is Mariam Aleide. She is 27 years old. This is consistent with Merriam and Bierema’s definition of an adult (2014, p.11), where they point out that an adult is one whose age, social roles and sense of self perception define them as such-as adults. Therefore, her identity as an adult, apart from her age, is also a factor of her having multiple roles in society Merriam and Beirema (2014, p.12). For example, Aleide points out that she is a wife, a mother, and has a job as a teacher, apart from being a student. This distinguishes her as an adult as per the standards set in the text. The economic aspect of Aleide’s life is not easy to decipher. However, given the number of activities she has been a part of, one may infer that she is in a position to afford the various types of education. One the other hand, she points out that her mother had to sponsor her in matters to do with her baby. This shows that there may be a bit of financial struggle. This is predicted by Merriam and Bierama’s work. The roles taken on by Aleide as a wife, mother and student all require some level of financial contribution. Technologically, Aleide is proficient in computer programs. She specifies that she has a basic understanding of Microsoft office programs. In their work, Merriam and Bierema (2014, p.5) point out that due to globalization, there has been a rising demand for proficiency in computer programs. As such, by gaining basic knowledge of Microsoft Office Packages, Aleide is on consistency with ideas of the text; she incorporates the knowledge and use of technology into her learning endeavors. This is reported to ease the learning process, especially since she is a student in a country that is highly

Marketing Course Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Course Evaluation - Essay Example Likewise, I have learnt that firms should emulate appropriate brand names and pricing strategies in order to enhance the perception, motivation and product awareness that play a significant role in the consumer buying process. In its effort to attain a competitive edge, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company has embarked on merging with other companies in its effort to market products such as C-5, C-130 and C-141. In the same way, the company emulates horizontal market system for example at one time it replaced F-117 with F-22 based on the consumers feedback. Actions that I intend to take to stay current in my field includes, post graduate course in Project Management, Six Sigma Black Belt Certification (CSSBB) as well as masters degree. In order to improve the value of this course to the working adults, it is essential for lecturers to allocate adequate time for theory lessons as well as practical sessions. In addition, marketers should be trained on how to use web 2.0 as a major marke ting tool. Introduction In the contemporary world, firms have emulated a number of strategies to remain competitive and retain their customers. Through the guidance of the marketing managers, companies have emulated aspects such as proper branding, effective product positioning and pricing as well as promotional strategies. ... that I have gained Target Markets One of the skills that I have gained from the course is that for a company to be successful, it has to aim at particular customers. Being one of the major marketing strategy, target marketing in collaboration with the marketing mix that include price, product, promotion and price is essential especially when firms are aimed at expanding their customer base. Market positioning and segmentation The course has also exposed me to product positioning. This entails the process through which marketers create an image or the identity of their products on the minds of their consumers. One of the vital objectives of an effective product positioning is that it creates a strong customer awareness thus generating repeated purchases leading to high sales. On the other hand, market segmentation involves classification of the customers based on one or more characteristics (Kotler et al, 2010). In this way, firms are able to identify groups of customers with similar needs. Examples of market segmentation that this course introduced me into include geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation, segmentation according to benefits and occasions as well as behavioral segmentation. Connecting with customers Building customer value, satisfaction, and loyalty Through the course, I was able to gain adequate skills on how to build customer value by enhancing a positive relationship especially by ensuring that organisations address the problems faced by the consumers in a timely manner. In addition, to ensure that the consumers are satisfied, it is imperative to provide quality products that meet their needs (Paliwoda et al, 2009). One of the major ways of enhancing customer loyalty is by creating a positive company-customer

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History Essay

The Changing Face of Islamism though its Colonial History - Essay Example Whether it was ruled by empires essentially Arab like those of the Ottoman, Arab, Iranian, or other Western superpowers, Islam has seemed to have made the most of these influences. But a more critical review is required to demonstrate whether this is entirely true in the face of Islam's stringent value system and lofty ideals, which are known to purport into every aspect of an individual's life. This paper seeks to explore the aspect of influences on the representation of Islam, from a critical point of view. To make our point more clear before proceeding to assess various influences that brought Islamism to where it now stands, it would be imperative to delve into a brief history of the colonial trends seen in the Islam world. Peculiar in its adoption of revolution which triggers modernity, Islamism has come to borrow ideas from the "social movement theory" in order to assist social scientists as they endeavor to study Islamism. Thus, we will find historical and structural explanations by linking Islamism to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the disappearance of caliphate as a symbol of Muslim unity. Further, the legacies of the Crusades and western imperialism, fundamentalist interpretations about the life of the Prophet and the Jihad apart from the American presence in Saudi Arabia and the war in Iraq have fuelled negative emotions such as frustration and humiliation.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Communication - Essay Example They take with them their respective cultures, values, beliefs and customs which are all so important. The need is there to save these dying languages because they have people who speak them yet in someway are now making use of other languages to satisfy their day to day affairs. Question 2: How do the media and communications technology affect culture? Discuss either how the content of media shapes culture in a particular social context, or how changing communications technology is affecting culture. Media and communications technology affect culture as these keep changing and the cultural adaptations do not seem to catch up. The changing communications technology affects the culture since technology is pacing ahead at a frenetic speed and there seems to be no stopping this phenomenon at all. The culture does not change at such a fast speed and hence the media and communications technology lags far behind resulting in more anarchy within the society than one can think of. This leads to a confused culture on the part of the people who are looking at media and communications technology on the one and adapting to the requirements of the culture on the

Nathan Songs of Silence Essay Example for Free

Nathan Songs of Silence Essay The chapters of Songs of Silence hold together as a chorus of songs from one community, but shaped by the recollections of a narrator whose perspective ranges from the innocence of childhood to the maturity of a young adult who emerges unbroken from a failed relationship. One such chapters is ‘Nathan’ and here the narrator is the reflective adult with a sophisticated notion of the wide range if meanings ‘silence’ holds. Through the character of Nation she is able to present some aspects of this theme, which runs throughout the text in many different ways. Nathan acts strategically without words, but with potent meaning – revenge (poking Tony’s eye). Silence is a characteristic feature of Nathan’s personality, which is deep and profound even though he uses few words. The absence of words can mask/hide a great deal (still waters run deep). Nathan’s deep and profound silence was evident even from his birth and the close connection he had with his sister, the narrator – ‘†¦soulmates, welded together by our common need for silence.’ They both started speaking late. However, her silence was different from his – ‘he was a man of dark blue silences,’ while hers ‘hers was a silence of moons.’ Here the narrator suggests that contrary to the saying ‘silence means consent’, silence does not always mean ‘consent’ or agreement nor are all silent people to be treated the same. The ‘manna manna manna mahkita’ game establishes the communication between the narrator and Nathan. It has unspoken personal meaning for them and suggests that its ritual is saturated with almost religious or spiritual significance. It shows that codes of communication which may appear insignificant or meaningless to others looking on, may be a way of expressing connections that (known) words cannot express. The different silences of the siblings allow them to explore, define and find their own authentic selves in their own ways. (E.g. The narrator and the ants, Nathan and his tightfistedness with money). Silence, like money, can express identity.

The Impact Of Extended Trading Hours Commerce Essay

The Impact Of Extended Trading Hours Commerce Essay House of Travel is a Kiwi owned and operated business, this is unique industry because their outlets and a true business partnership between local owner operators and House of Travel Holdings having 75 plus retail outlets nationwide. Their 75% of retail outlets are situated in Shopping Mall and rest of 25% are in local Business areas. Chris Paulsen, founder and managing director of House of Travel had a dream that travel could be delivered to the consumer in a different way. The company gets suggestion from their consumers to extend the working hours of their retail outlets situated in local business area the present working hours is 9am to 5 pm weekdays and 9am to 1pm on Saturday. These hours may be extended to benefit more customers but before making this changes the company has to check thoroughly that how this will work and the advantages and disadvantages besides extending the business hours, for management and employees of house of travel. He started collecting brief report from the Owner operator that How the impact of extended hours will affect you economically, financially, and environmentally (Paulsen, 2011) and we get this opportunity to do research on this topic. It is with pleasure that we submit our report on extended working hours, the implications for public policy reform, and our recommendations for your consideration. The report gives an overview of the actual and potential effects of extended working hours on individuals, families and communities based on the findings of empirical studies and the views of key stakeholders, employees and their families and peak bodies. It outlines the major approaches that have been adopted in other jurisdictions, which indicate the complexities associated with determining the most effective means of addressing extended hours. Any measure aimed at minimizing the impact of extended hours has implications for the differing needs and aspirations of employees, employers and the community. Nevertheless, the majority of the Group felt that there was a solution although it may not be one which is perfect or which satisfies everyone. Where individual members of the Group held views dissenting from the majority on specific issues, these opinions and the reasons for them have been included. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the management of House of Travel for research and executive support. Introduction 1. The working hours trend has been seen since long as 9 am to 5 p.m.in most of the areas of business in several industrialized countries we called as traditional and offices, there are limited changes for the retail business such as groceries, and supermarkets. 2. The interest in extending working hours for House of Travel in Auckland is that there customers may get more and more benefit from the extended trading hours. 3. There are examples for the overseas jurisdictions have regulated extended hours of working in order to minimize its detrimental health and social effects on workers. 4. The project was assigned to our Active Group to do the through research and submit the report that the impact of Extended hours how its work and what are the advantages and disadvantages. 5. We the student of Management Class in a Group ( Active Group )took the challenge and started the research with the help of our studies and research we will submit the report before 18th May 2011. 6. This was a challenge for us and we have to think that from where we start, so we decided in our Group meeting to distribute the work among the members of the group. The terms of reference was described for each member of the group as under. Procedures The Group is to receive and consider comment from the management and staff of House of Travel and make recommendations for extending trading hours for their outlets outside the shopping malls and to submit the feedback and recommendation that how its work and how its effect on the employee and management of company. It was a big challenge for the group to deal in this and we started working jointly on this project and started collecting data relating to this project. 1. The first and the most thing was to check that how employees will be affected as a result of extending hours relating to health and safety issue , such as fatigue. 2. To check the specific models and general structures and to provide proper guidance to the management of House of Travel on working hours and to provide evidence for serious health and safety issues. 3. To check the Retail Trading Laws for extending trading hours from the Department of Labor New Zealand, and to do proper research for the betterment of the company as well as their employees. 4. To verify that how the employees and their families will be effected by this extended trading hours and how it will impact on the health of individual employees and their families. The research Objectives The objectives of the project were identified as: To take views of entire employee one to one basis and to know their willingness of working long hours. The check the level of cost involved in extending trading hours and how it will benefit the company as well as employees. To check that how this new implementation will work and affect the health and safety of employee. Research methods The research used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative research The quantitative research comprised two employer surveys: First we had interview the employers to identify the knowledge and prevalence of extended working hours in retail outlets. The survey from three employers from different sectors and different business was conducted as under: 1. Management of House of Travel, Auckland 2. Management of Travel2000, Auckland 3. Management of M.K. Tours and Travels, Auckland Framework was set for questionnaire for the above employer and the following information was taken from them. 1. What benefit you think for extending Trading Hours? 2. How it will work e.g. roaster etc? 3. Will this affect the employee health and safety and security of organization? The response we received from the above employers shows that on 50/50 basis some of the employers and willing the ready to implement the extending trading hours rest of were was not supportive on several grounds. The qualitative research The qualitative research was conducted face to face with employees of House of Travel with giving the feedback form. Those employees willing to give the feedback from some of them were not interested but those who were interested in survey has given the feedback and which is enclosed as Appendix 1. The research was done and several websites and reports were referred to for preparing this report as under : the employers in the quantitative phase trade associations Retail Business Regulation Unions, including the Council of Trade Unions Work and Income work brokers. The respondents The feedback from employers and employees were submitted here in the qualitative research. The focus on the effect for extending hours and its amendments were discusses with the management of House of Travel verbally and explain them the procedure that if this implementation takes place there should be some specific models and rules to be referred and in light of the facts we have to give our suggestion that the extended hours and effective or not. Data analysis Quantitative The initial and follow-up survey were analyzed by our group and discussed through to differentiate reasons that to what extend the extended hours are feasible. Qualitative The notes and transcripts from the interviews were taken on and QA forms for research questions. Extensive notes were made at interviews The recorded data was analyzed with reference to the participants circumstances; findings for any one person or group were compared against those of the entire data set. Findings Structure of report: The structure of the report was submitted on the specific pattern and the collected material was thoroughly studied and present accordingly to check that the if the extended hours and implemented it will benefit both employer and employee and to check the entire aspect of extending hours. Limitations of the research Keeping in mind the current law and health and safety issues we submitted the details in our report as well as the cost incurred by the employer and also comparing the margin ratio. While submitting the report well also keep in mind the current law and the regulation of the New Zealand government as well as market trend and the area where the organization willing to extend the trading hours. 1. To present the findings of the Group appraisal relating to extending trading hours and how it will affect the employer and their employees. 2. To collect the statistical information on working hours from Auckland region and also from the various sources to analyzed working time arrangement and its effects. 3. To consult the oral interviews and written feedback from the employers and the employers for the House of Travel. 4. To meet the employees and Management of House of Travel to contribute and discuss about the effects of extended working hours on health and safety issues. 5. Oral and written submission was received through intensive fact to face discussion about employee experience of extended hours. The employees and employers were participated in the review process. 6. The Group has not investigated the merit of each employees claims but in general and keep in mind of their relative importance, but the report has been made in both written and oral submissions or in the literature reviewed. Submission Hereby submit that the oral and written interviews taken from the employer and employees of house of travel and other relevant sources; we also referred various websites, including Australian Government Website relating to extending trading hours which are also referred below with references. As per our learning we has taken keen part in looking specific models and even code of conduct for retail operation from Government as well as private organization. Our research shows that most of the employees not willing to work long hours but been on the key position they do not neglect and they have to work because the management wishes that he should work long hours. Working long hours will defiantly affect eh health for the employee who can be seen from various angles and from various points of view we think that working long hours or extending trading hours are not feasible for both the organization as well as for the employee. Even the organization has to involve in all sorts of legal steps towards employee safety, safety for their belongings and even cash handling. It is not advisable that a single person can work after hours in a hug office or retail outlets outside the shopping mall. We have some examples cited below which shows that extended hours are feasible for big companies of consumer products but it is not advisable for a small retail outlets they has to do more and more paperwork before planning to extend the trading hours. Our views and recommendation is submitted hereunder for House of Travel and we also offer our suggestion for implementing extended hours. We have included the details taken from defferent websites and reports e.g. work for dole, government website, Australian Parliament website, police website etc indicating the health and safety issue fo the employee working long hours. Results Members of the business community agree that for many companies, hours of operation are likely to continue to expand, as demands for convenience on the part of both individual and corporate customers do not appear likely to abate any time soon. But small business owners should make sure that they lay the appropriate groundwork for an expansion of operating hours before committing to it. But the business owner who takes the time to study these issues in advance will be much better equipped to handle them in an effective fashion than the owner who tackles each issue as it rears its head. (Executive, 2011) Competitive pressures-Analysts point out that simple economics have played a large part in the surge in expanded business hours for many companies. The ceaseless search for efficiencies and the high cost of adding capacity are compelling many small companies to squeeze more out of existing facilities by adding second and third shifts, said Dale Buss in a Nations Business article entitled A Wake-Up Call for Companies (Executive, 2011) It seems that that extended hours are feasible at some stage but not always, our research shows that it is expensive, risky and not at all time acceptable by the employers as well as employees But on other hand the Australian government has regulated and passes the extended hours in Parliament until 9.00 pm retailers able to open their businesses until 9pm on weekdays. However, the ALP went to the last election with a pledge to extend weeknight trading hours to 7pm. Mr Barnett made the announcement on the front steps of Parliament that, just as the Chamber of Commerce and Industry responded in the grounds nearby to what it called vested interest groups opposed to deregulation. (Sonti, 2009) A New Zealand Perspective: Why do we need to act? Whilst work-life balance is a global issue, there are specific considerations for New Zealand. In 2005 the Business Council contributed to the Department of Labours Consultative project on work-life balance. While New Zealand has a high number of part-time workers, we also have a high number of people working very long hours. New Zealanders have increased hours worked per capita by around 18% since 1970 the second fastest rate behind the US and in sharp contrast to Europe where hours have steadily decreased. We have seen the proportion of employed people who work a standard 40 hour week fall from 35% to 30% in the past 15 years with 22% people working more than 50 hours per week. On an average day, 40% of people are at work before 8am and one in four people work in the evenings. We continue to embrace a long hours culture. For many workers, cell phones, text messaging, e-mail and laptops have forced work into the home in new ways that lengthen working days and intensify work. Workers and partners in a survey by the New Zealand Council of Trade Unions said that many employers held an expectation that workers were available well beyond their standard work hours. Some described being expected to have their mobiles on for long periods. This is particularly true for some part-time employees who are not necessarily in the office full-time during normal business hours. Excessive hours at work are equated with rising stress levels which affect health, fitness and personal relationships. A recent article in the British Medical Journal has reported that people who suffer from chronic stress caused by their job are more likely to develop heart disease and diabetes. Both of these are major health concerns in New Zealand. Over recent years, lower unemployment means employees are more able to make employer choices favoring organizations that offer flexible terms and conditions. However whilst large companies particularly in the service or consultancy sector have introduced initiatives to improve work-life balance, this may prove more difficult for production based organizations and SMEs. The total workforce in New Zealand approximates 2 million people10. 96% of New Zealand enterprises employ 19 or fewer people and in total account for 29% of the total workforce and contribute 27% of the countrys economy. The New Zealand manufacturing sector employs 12% of the workforce and contributes 15% of the economy. It is equally important that we find a way to ensure that these employees. (council, 2010) It seems that the Extended hours for House of travel is not feasible as stated above it will affect the work life balance of employees and also it will cost more for the company the approximately cost graph is given below showing how it will impact on organization as well as employees. Normal working hours 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday and 9am to 1pm on Saturday these are the limited times which are feasible for employers and employees both to work in safe environment and also stress less working. The cost which we see for extending hours from 5pm to 9pm on Monday to Friday i.e. 4 hours daily 4 x 5 = 20 hours a week and on 1pm to 5pm on Saturday so total working hours come to 25 hours a week (Extra hours). If the outlet hire minimum 1 counter staff and 1 back support staff + 1 Security Guard to look after the staff during extended hours so 25 x 3 if suppose the pay scale for each staff is $15 an hour so the organization has to pay NZ$1125 per week to the staff + the utility bills which comes to 12% of the average ratio so as per study the organization is paying nearly NZ$ 2000 extra a week. If the company hires mobile manager then it will cost less only company has to pay the hourly charges to one mobile manager instead of opening extended trading hours of shop. An as per our survey we receive just one or two customers after hours during the extended hours so it is not feasible to cover up the cost of extended hours and it is also risky to operate the outlets after hours where all the shops closed in the market. As per New Zealand Law for employees safety comes first Thousands of people attend work daily and never experience any situation where personal safety is threatened. Whilst a workplace under responsible management may provide a reasonable level of protection, situations affecting personal safety could still occur. Employers are required under Occupational Health and Safety legislation to have policies and procedures in place to provide a safe working environment for staff. This can be achieved by undertaking a survey to assess security and potential risk situations. The information produced by a survey will identify measures necessary for ensuring staff safety and security, and form the basis of developing a work safety plan. This information, prepared by the Police Community Relations Section, in consultation with various community groups, contains a series of guidelines for both staff and management. While primarily presented with the safety of women in mind, these suggestions can equally apply to any person in the workplace. (police, 2011) Working irregular hours Some businesses may store items of considerable value or hold significant amounts of cash, which may be attractive to criminals waiting for the first employee to arrive with safe keys or access codes. Businesses should have a policy on safe entry procedures for staff arriving at work. When employees are present outside of regular business hours, plan to have at least two staff working together if possible. Make provision to escort staff to their vehicles when work has finished, or have arrangements in place to facilitate safe exit from the building and vicinity. If staff must work alone, measures to enhance safety can include: Ensuring the building can be adequately secured from the inside Keeping doors locked to prevent casual entry, if appropriate Displaying warning signs that video surveillance cameras are operating Using security grilles for staff protection if the nature of the business permits Providing staff with a remote control device that can be used to activate an audible alarm and alert a security company, if safety is threatened. If you will be finishing late: Park as near to your building as possible in an area that will be well lit at night Consider other transport options if the only parking available is at an isolated location Let someone know you will be working late Check that you are secure inside the building and that no doors or windows have been left open or unlocked When leaving the building check the immediate area outside for any people loitering, before opening the door Use the best lit route to your car and have someone walk with you if possible. (police, 2011) All the above factors are countable and considering the above factors we came to the conclusion that it is not feasible to try for extending hours for the outlets outside the shopping mall in the local business areas. Conclusion We suggest it would be reasonable to embrace the general principle of reasonable hours but to require it to be operational at the enterprise and/or industry level. That is, to permit extended hours but within a framework that requires an individual organization to present a coherent argument as to why working extended hours in a specific context does not disadvantage the community or compromise safety in the workplace. It seems that after through research the conclusion is that the extended hours are not feasible, it will simply increase cost for the company and stress for the employee referring to health and safety issues of the employee and security reasons for the employee working extra hours, even the regulation does not allow the company to work extra hours outside shopping mall i.e. in open market place where all the shops and office are closed at about 5.00 in afternoon and to work extra hours will create hindrance for management and staff both. The group came to the conclusion that instead of extra hours there is few more suggestion that if the management finds suitable can adopt the same and as per our research it is same as working extra hours or extending trading hours. The suggestion is as under: Company can provide communication equipment like laptops, mobile phone to entertain customers calling after hours and deal with them or satisfied their needs or reply their queries relating to the business and that will fulfill the need of customer as well as will not cost much more to the company. As seen from the market trend now days for e business the company itself is having Hot website which is much more advance and self-explanatory customer can use that website for their queries, or can call the mobile sales person after hours which is appointed by the company to fulfill the customer needs. The company can provide commission to the staff for working extra hours outside the office anywhere and can earn extra income or may be company can pay any additional or extra pay to the employee working after hours from their own place as per their own suitability. Recommendation: The Group takes proud to recommend the following factors for the company and request the management of House of Travel to look into it and if they think it is feasible then can be implementing. The group is available for any comments and explanation for their recommendation provided herein for the betterment of company. Normal working hours 9am to 5pm Monday to Friday and 9am to 1pm on Saturday these are the limited times which are feasible for employers and employees both to work in safe environment and also stress less working. The cost which we see for extending hours from 5pm to 9pm on Monday to Friday i.e. 4 hours daily 4 x 5 = 20 hours a week and on 1pm to 5pm on Saturday so total working hours come to 25 hours a week (Extra hours). If the outlet hire minimum 1 counter staff and 1 back support staff + 1 Security Guard to look after the staff during extended hours so 25 x 3 if suppose the pay scale for each staff is $15 an hour so the organization has to pay NZ$1125 per week to the staff + the utility bills which comes to 12% of the average ratio so as per study the organization is paying nearly NZ$ 2000 extra a week. If the company hires mobile manager then it will cost less only company has to pay the hourly charges to one mobile manager instead of opening extended trading hours of shop. Our Recommendation is that the company can choose the employee after consulting them that who is available to work after hours from home to attend the phone calls so the office phone can be diverted to their home phone or companys mobile phone and the customer calling after hours can be attended and entertained. The company will refer the policy which is in appendix 1 of this report and frame new policy accordingly for the employee who is working after hours, the condition of working may be discussed between the employer and employee by them self-keeping all ethical issue in mind and also the family balance life police which may not affect the employees personal life. The employee who is volunteer to work after hours can be get benefit as per the companys policy and it should be fair and equal for every employee who are willing to cooperate in this new policy. Even the company can hire a call center to work on company behalf after hours or can use the formula of telework as it seems that nowadays more and more companies throughout the world relying on telemarkers or call centers (England, 2010) Bibliography council, N. Z. (2010). Work life balance report. Auckland: New Zealand Business council. England, B. (2010, september 09). Telework New Zealand. Retrieved May 11, 2011, from www.telework.co.nz: http://www.telework.co.nz/Benefits.htm Executive, G. R. (2011). Business Hours encylopedia. Retrieved April 5, 2011, from Industries news from Inc.com: www.industries new from inc.com Paulsen, C. (2011, January 17). How the impact of extended hours. Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. police, N. Z. (2011). Safety in work place. Retrieved April 16, 2011, from www. satefy in work place/New Zealand police.co.nz: http://www.police.govt.nz/safety/workplace.html#irregularhours Sonti, C. (2009, June 16). Goverment to introduce Trading Hours legislation. Retrieved April 5, 2011, from wa.today.com: www.watoday.com.au